“Ships at a Distance” Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching...

Zora Neale Hurston opens Their Eyes Were Watching God with an eloquent metaphor regarding dreams: â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others, they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time (Hurston 1).† Hurston describes here how some dreams are achieved with time while others lurk out of reach until the dreamer gives up. Janie Crawford, protagonist of Their Eyes Were Watching God, encounters numerous ambitions throughout her life, mainly concerning a desire to somehow achieve something in life, and to not just go through the motions. While Janie’s dreams and my own do not†¦show more content†¦The pear tree is her inspiration and her first true desire. She longs to bud and blossom, like the tree, and cannot wait to discover herself and all the wonders of the world. Another desire of young Janie is to find true, passionate love in a relationship. Returning to the metaphor of the pear tree, Janie says to her Grandma, â€Å"‘Ah wants things sweet wid mah marriage lak when you sit under a pear tree and think’† (Hurston 24). Janie dreams of a peaceful, pleasant, and comfortable love in her marriage, similar to the quiet bliss of sitting in the shade of a blossoming pear tree. In her article, Kubitschek also points out Darwin Turner’s understanding that â€Å"‘All Janie wants is to love, be loved, and to share the life of her man. But . . . she must first find a man wise enough to let her be whatever kind of woman she wants to be’† (qtd. in Kubitschek 109). Unfortunately, this love and freedom was not acquired in Janie’s first marriage. Despite her hope that feelings of true love would develop with her first husband Logan Killicks, â€Å"she knew now that marriage did not make love. Janie’ s first dream was dead, so she became a woman† (Hurston 25). Discontent with lack of passion in her first marriage, Janie decides to abandon her dream of finding love with Logan and does not hesitate to run away with Jody Starks when the situation presents itself. Deborah Clarke comments on this change in heart, writing, â€Å"Janie thus gives up aShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching By Zora Hurston1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe book their eyes were watching was written by Zora Hurston, and she tells the life story of a girl named Janie. It starts off with a metaphor explaining that women are the type to chase their dreams and even when it seems they can never accomplish it they never lose sight of it. Men on the other type to have dreams but instead of chasing like how Zora says women do they want their dream to come to them. The book is a frame narrative being and told by Zora but switches from Janie s point of viewRead MoreA Womens Search for Identity in Zora Neale H urston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God729 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"It’s uh known fact, Pheoby, you got tuh go there tuh know there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hurston 192). The theme of identity can be seen throughout Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, of a story of a women’s journey for self-identification. Through symbolic imagery, such as the pear tree, Janie’s hair, and the horizon, Hurston ultimately shows a women’s quest for her identity. As a young teenager, Janie becomes infatuated with the idea of an idealistic romance: â€Å"She saw a dust-bearing bee sink into theRead MoreGender Roles in Their Eyes Were Watching God1087 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Gender Roles in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God During the 1900’s, women, specifically black women, were considered to be property of men in the United States, especially down south, in states such as Florida and Georgia. Legally, women had no voice. For example, if a woman was abused by her husband, the court system would not acknowledge it even if it did really happen. In the article â€Å"Sexism in the Early 1900’s†, Becca Woltemath states that â€Å"†¦a woman’s job is to take care of the houseRead MoreHow One Fulfills A Dream?1570 Words   |  7 PagesHow one fulfills a dream is a contested and unsettled concept. Is it based on luck, skill, chance, or something else entirely? Attributing a dream’s success to outside forces, such as luck and chance, creates unambitious tendencies. On the other hand, when a person has an internal locus of control, a belief that he or she can influence their success themselves, they take their life into their own hands and control their own destiny. In multiple studies, it has been shown that those with an internalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Summer Assignment1071 Words   |  5 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Summer Assignment Passage: â€Å"Listen, Sam, if it was nature, nobody wouldn’t have tuh look out for babies touchin’ stoves, would they? ’Cause dey just naturally wouldn’t touch it. But dey sho will. So it’s caution.† â€Å"Naw it ain’t, it’s nature, cause nature makes caution. It’s de strongest thing dat God ever made, now. Fact is it’s de onliest thing God every made. He made nature and nature made everything else.†(Hurston 64-65) Journal Entry: (R) This is a passageRead MoreThe Horizon of Possibility in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Hurston 595 Words   |  3 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston describes the horizon as possibilities and opportunities. When the story starts out Janie’s perception of the horizon changes first from desire for love to the need of love, and ultimately the feeling of contentment towards love to show Janie maturing throughout the novel. Firstly, Janie views the horizon as an opportunity for something great to happen in her life. For example, in the beginning paragraph in the novel, it illustrates how harboring ships give peopleRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott B. Fitzgerald1635 Words   |  7 Pagesprotagonist in Their Eyes Were Watching God to the use of first person narration of a secondary character in The Great Gatsby. What is the effect of having Nick tell Gatsby’s story versus Janie telling her own? Is Nick a reliable narrator? Is Janie? a While Janie tells her own perspective of her American Dream, Nick is under the impression of admiration towards Gatsby’s American Dream. 3. How are women able to express power in each novel? a The women in both novels were able to express powerRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God : Gender Differences1584 Words   |  7 PagesKhealsea Elkins Professor Katherine Chiles ENG AFST 233: Major Black Writers 14 October 2014 Their Eyes Were Watching God: Gender Differences Zora Neale Hurston is considered one of the most unsurpassed writers of twentieth-century African-American literature. Published in 1937, Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God depicts the life of Janie Crawford, an African-American woman, who is in search of true love and ultimately her true self. In the novel, Janie shows us that love comesRead MoreNot All Dreams Come True in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston601 Words   |  3 Pages At one point in every persons life, they have a dream. However, not all hopes and dreams come true. In the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, the protagonist, Janie Crawford, experiences the deaths of some of her dreams, but she also experiences the success of one. The deaths of these dreams change her opinion of men and caused her to become unsure of love. â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. For some they come in with the tide...Then they act and do thingsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston1459 Words   |  6 Pages 1. In â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neale Hurston, the main character Janie Crawford experiences many different kinds of love. Throughout her childhood, Janie experienced protective love from her grandmother. When Janie reached the ripe age of 16, her grandmother wanted her to get married. Because of this, she ended up marrying her first husband, Logan Killicks. Just like she did when she was with her grandmother, Janie was the receiver of protective love from her husband. The next type

Meg Whitman Is The Only Woman That Has Lead Two Major...

Background According to CNBC news (Wachenje et al., 2014) Meg Whitman is the only woman that has lead two major United States public companies. This phenomenal woman has had the pleasure of holding the title of CEO for not only eBay but also Hewlett-Packard. Margret Whitman, better known as Meg was born on August 4th, 1956 to Margret Cushing and Hedrick Hallett Whitman, Jr. in Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Whitman is the youngest of three children. Her mother was a stay-at-home mom and her father ran his own loan business. Whitman graduated high school in 1974 and from there went on to enroll in Princeton University for her undergraduate education. Initially Whitman aspired to become a doctor, however, she had difficulty with chemistry and physics as well as other classes. Whitman took up an interest in business when she began working for a student magazine in an advertising sales role. Whitman switched her major and graduated Princeton with a bachelor’s degree in economics. After Prince ton, Whitman joined the MBA program at Harvard Business School and graduated from the program in 1979. She now resides in California with her husband and her two sons. Work Experience Post-graduation Whitman was employed by Procter Gamble as a brand manager and relocated to Cincinnati. After a couple of years in Cincinnati, Whitman married a neurosurgeon, Griff Harsh, and they relocated to San Francisco so that Harsh could complete his residency. While in San Francisco, Whitman acquiredShow MoreRelatedInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesin strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect of and the world’s foremost authority on disruptive innovation. Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMerger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permissionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAccount Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing AssistantRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pagesof this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600

Business Driven Information Systems Free Essays

1. Do you agree or disagree with Friedman’s assessment that the world is flat? Be sure to justify your answer. I don’t fully agree with Friedman’s vision of the â€Å"flat World†. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Driven Information Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though I think we are more connected and informed than ever. According to me I feel Friedman’s views and research is mostly concerning the developed countries focusing on business and targeting the cooperate world. Today technology, telecommunications has definitely helped people around the world to be closer. But Friedman’s does not mention the less fortunate countries where the globalization is still a far dream. I feel Friedman’s analysis is a good fit for the rich and developed countries, where World has changed to a â€Å"global village†. 2. What are the potential impacts of a flat world for a student performing a job search? Today’s educated youth has all the potential and access to the world of technology at their fingertips. They can easily change to the growing job demands and are ready for job changes as needed. They sure got to have good education as the competition is high in today’s economy. I don’t think it’s difficult to find a job; it depends on how open you are to change in the new world of job opportunities and choose the best option. . What can students do to prepare themselves for competing in a flat world? Students can equip themselves for this competitive World by acquiring good education. Be updated in the field of your study and keep yourself open to news and updates. The coffee shop business is mainly framed in 2 mainstreams. Fi rst group is the major players like Starbucks, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Dietrich, Brewsters, New World, Gloria Gears, which can be denoted as Specialty Brands. Second group contains One-Store coffee shops like The Broadway Cafe. These are generally local, small businesses. The coffee shop industry possesses a very high intensified competition on all players: both Specialty Brand and One-Store Coffee Shops. The main reasons that contribute to the high competition are †¢ The number of shops is huge (hoovers. com) †¢ Competitors are selling same or similar products, including specialty coffees as well as high quality foods. †¢ The fixed cost portion constitutes a high portion of the cost structure. Companies should sell more products to cover these costs, which increases competition. How to cite Business Driven Information Systems, Papers

The Principles of Management

Question: a) What challenges facing a manager of a business in the twenty first century? b) Describe the resources that you consider vital for a manager in dealing successfully with these challenges? Answer: Part A: Case Introduction Case 1: All things Chocolate Lind realized that there are successes in small business. Having resigned from the profession as a teacher, she started a chocolate business. From the small start, she progressed until she modernized her apparatus with modern gadgets. In business, she diversified products and all her products were selling. In the process, she changes the location of the business by relocating to another region. The business thrived very well and this permitted her to invest as well in equipments for making chocolates. It was to empower other upcoming entrepreneurs with new modern equipment. Case 2: Indians Enron The reputation of IT corporations in India got questioned. Satyan reputation affected other It firms owing to its fraudulent acts. It led to other Indian companies losing governance and management credibility. Even though other firms are arguing that it is only one company that should carry its own burden, the regulators in the market have a lot to question in the company together with the price-water-house coopers that made the audit. Case3: Travelling the world Sawada ventures in business and created cheap and affordable air travel for customers to travel the world. From a small start the entrepreneur out of the share invested in Volkswagen became the source of capital. In the industry, Sawada desired to expand and spread to the global market. It became a challenge as there was increased competition as well as regulations from airline authorities from parent nations especially China. In creating 'worldwide procedure', it is Sawada recognized three types of universal extension that emerge from an organization's assets, abilities and current global position. However, since the organization is still fundamentally centered on its home markets, then its procedures outside its home markets can be seen as global Case 4: Managing in Asia-Pacific Management of corporation from different location is difficult and challenging. However with use of emergent technologies, one can manage and reinforce face to face encounters with the employees. Additionally, cultures differences play a role. As a manager one is required to learn and adopt another regions culture so as to ensure good management. Maturity of markets as well bring out the differences in management challenges. The challenges that get encountered are adding value, creation of a global new market, and resource allocation. However the logistics of operating in Asia is more than those of operating in Australia owing to the differences in the market maturity and different product mix. Case 5: Modernizing require difficult decisions The modernization calls for difficult decisions. The larger issue is the way to manage the business for future eras. Meeting that test will require troublesome choices that will influence recipients, suppliers, and citizens. Nonetheless, the financing issue ought not cloud other essential difficulties. ERP present expense imparting courses of action don't energize the effective utilization of administrations without disheartening fundamental consideration. Besides, the absence of disastrous scope can abandon a few recipients at risk for considerable. Changes in ERP project administration could enhance both the conveyance of services to recipients and the program's capacity to pay suppliers suitably. Some perspective rebuilding of the relationship between parts A and B as an essential component of general organization change. In a general sense, surveying the new project overall is an imperative initial phase in tending to ERP 's difficulties. Answers for large portions of these diffi culties could be made without rebuilding. Be that as it may, rebuilding may give chances to execute coveted changes. Part B The Principles of Management Administration standards are rules for the choices and activities of supervisors. They were inferred from perception and investigation of occasions confronted in real practice. The principles are the crucial, basic components that structure the establishments of fruitful administration. As per Henry (2012) there are fourteen 'standards of administration'. These can be utilized to start and support the courses of action of progress, association, choice making, aptitude administration and the general perspective of the administration capacity (Henry, 2012). The management principles are enumerated below. Division of Work: The specialization of the workforce as per the aptitudes of an individual, making particular individual and expert advancement inside the work power and in this way expanding profit; prompts specialization which builds the productivity of work. By dividing a little piece of work, the specialists speed in its execution increments. This guideline is relevant to both specialized and, in addition, managerial work can be put forth valuable in the defense of task works as well. Power and Responsibility: The issue of charges took after by obligation regarding their results. Power implies the privilege of a better than give improve request to his subordinates; obligation implies commitment for execution. This standard recommends that there must be equality in the middle of power and obligation. They are coexisting and go together, and are two sides of the same coin. Also, the power must be equivalent to the obligation. Discipline: Control eludes to compliance, fitting lead in connection with others, admiration of power, and so on. It is key to the smooth working of all associations. This will likewise help shape the way of life inside the association. Solidarity of Command: This rule expresses that each subordinate ought to get requests and be responsible to unparalleled one predominant. In the event, that a worker gets requests from more than one prevalent, it is liable to make perplexity and conflict. Unity of Command additionally makes it less demanding to alter the obligation regarding mistakes and the power ought to be equivalent to the obligation Solidarity of Direction: Every one of those working in the same line of action must comprehend and seek after the same destinations. All related exercises ought to be put under one gathering, there ought to be one arrangement of activity for them, and they ought to be under the control of one administrator. It looks to guarantee the solidarity of activity, centering of endeavors and coordination of quality. The administration must set aside individual contemplations and put organization goals first. In this way, the diversions of objectives of the association must beat the individual hobbies of people. Compensation: Laborers must be paid sufficiently as this is a boss inspiration of workers and accordingly enormously impacts profit. The quantum and routines for compensation payable ought to be reasonable, sensible and compensating of exertion. Compensation is paid to the specialist according to their ability and benefit. The fundamental target of an association is to augment the riches and the net benefit too. For this reason, the association has paid wages, pay, and profit to their staff appropriately and experimentally so that authoritative proficiency can be guaranteed. The Degree of Centralization: The measure of force wielded by the focal administration relies on upon organization size. Centralization infers the convergence of choice is making power at the top administration. Imparting of power to lower levels is called decentralization. The association ought to strive to accomplish a fitting parity. Scalar Chain: It alludes to the chain of bosses running from top administration to the least rank. The standard recommends that there ought to be a reasonable line of power through and through connecting all chiefs at all levels. It is viewed as a hierarchy of leadership. It includes an idea called a "pack board" utilizing which a subordinate may contact a predominant or his unrivaled occurrence, defying the progressive system of control however the prompt bosses must be educated about the matter Value: Workers must be dealt with merciful, and equity must be ordered to guarantee a simply working environment. Administrators ought to be reasonable and fair when managing workers, giving equivalent consideration towards all representatives. Activity: Utilizing the activity of representatives can add quality and new thoughts to an association. Activity from workers is a wellspring of quality for association as it gives new and better thoughts. Representatives are liable to take more noteworthy enthusiasm for the working of the association. Managers Challenges of a business in the twenty first century Absurd client desires: Probably, your organization gives a superior level of client administration than it did five years prior possibly better than it did simply a year back. Do your clients thank you for it? Not under any condition. They judge you not by the extent to which you've enhanced, however against their desires. Because of your rivals and on account of the web, these desires are continually expanding frequently to outlandish levels. Social networking and the web: Is it true that you are a bit incredulous about this online networking stuff particularly Twitter? Correct, that used to be me. This is the thing that altered my opinion: who impacts you more, formal organization publicizing or what your companions and other individuals like you say in regards to an item or administration? That is the reason online networking is huge and will just get greater. Business pioneers who don't get it will battle. Adaptable working: As thrifty times proceed with why would any association need to pay for business locales and work areas that are unused a fraction of the time? In the event that your organization hasn't yet moved towards adaptable working it soon will. Adaptable hours, adaptable working environment (counting homeworking) and adaptable contracts Maintainability: The hard actualities of climbing vitality costs and environmental change from one viewpoint, and the convictions and estimations of Gen Y on the other are driving each association to the windup more maintainable. Getting to be feasible while keeping on making benefits is a real test for each association and each pioneer. Accomplishing more with less: Whether you live in quickly developing China or retreat hit Europe the times of hierarchical iniquity are over. Each business is figuring out how to do a considerable measure more with a ton less, and the best pioneers will be the individuals who can triumph with cheats The Challenge of Information Society: One can no more deny that mechanical advances have driven the entire world into a subjectively new time. Data society is simply dawning despite everything we can scarcely intuit the way it will exhaustively change the worldwide scene of business. Yet the actualities are clear and evident. Whatever we can consider in our personalities we can enter into the machine. Whatever we can enter into the machine, we can transmit through the web. Hence all mental work could be possible through the web. All occupations that oblige mental work have risen above the conventional office set up. They can be absolutely found on the internet. This has huge ramification s for creation and job plans around the world. In what capacity will enterprises cut expenses and amplify benefits by considering in these open doors? The Challenge of the Global Financial Crisis: The latest worldwide budgetary emergency has smashed a considerable measure of myths about the frameworks we have idealized for quite a while. The recurrence, the expanding power and the apparently cyclic nature of the emergency, have disintegrated the certainty as well as has set discriminating issues to the fore. Our routines in money related theory and the subsidiaries market should now experience a genuine audit from a multi viewpoint, interdisciplinary, and worldwide scale. The world can no more bear the cost of an alternate emergency of such expansiveness and extent. Yet as the Chinese saying goes, for each emergency, there is an open door. In the event that we will be sharp enough, we can see a splendid side to these. One must be interested in a considerable measure of thoughts. For one, the web is giving a way out of the emergency in the territory of outsourcing. An alternate is that it is making ready for a worldwide coordinatio n and instrument to envision issues in the business. Shockingly, organizations, banks, commercial ventures, and governments need to facilitate and interlink on a deeper level to deflect an alternate money related emergency. The Challenge of the Environment: There is presently a worldwide experimental agreement that the issue of an Earth-wide temperature boost is genuine. The sooner organizations can acknowledge this, the better. This is critical to have the capacity to roll out convenient and discriminating improvements. For all the pride and grandness of our present day mechanical society, we are still no match when the essential strengths of nature start to shake us. Mankind is undermined by a natural time bomb. Organizations need to act quickly to rally for the survival of our species. Managers Resources in the Solutions to Challenges There is need of reevaluating the philosophical establishments of administration towards a higher and nobler reason. Guarantee that the work of administration fills a higher need" is the first in the rundown of administration difficulties. Sale et al., (2014) rightly brings up that the conventional objective of expanding shareholder riches is "insufficient in numerous regards on the grounds that it "fails to offer the ability to completely assemble human energies. And in this manner, tomorrow's administration hones must spotlight on the accomplishment of socially noteworthy and honorable objective. However in the corporate world it is insufficient to have honorable and exciting objectives. The organization ought to additionally be inventive and versatile. This obliges expanding the mental skylines of administration with bits of knowledge from "fields as differing from human studies, political science, urban arranging and philosophy." There must additionally be a radical change in the dialect and practice of administration from unremarkable and uninspiring phrasing or goals like "effectiveness", or "playing point", to "deeper, soul mixing standards, for example, honor, truth, affection, equity and excellence" which have "since a long time ago motivated individuals to remarkable accomplishments and can never again be consigned to the edge of administration (Sale et al., 2014). Moreover, there is the necessity of updating the association into a more open and vote based and comprehensive group. There must be a more prominent offering and dissemination of force, information, data into all the parts of the association at each level of the professional pecking order, which implies more prominent strengthening of the individuals in the lower levels of chain of command, particularly with the cutting edge workers who are in immediate contact with the client. Technique making ought to move far from a top-down methodology done and forced on all by a world class few at the upper levels of the association towards a base up procedure which empowers each representative to take an interest in developing the system. Essentially choice making, critical thinking and development frameworks of the association must have the capacity to bridle the "aggregate shrewdness of the whole association."(Jeston, Nelis, 2014). Additionally, reexamining initiative and control towards a fair directing toward oneself force structure. Pioneers without bounds must have the capacity to make the environment which prompts organization toward oneself and control oneself among the workers as opposed to a forced control from about through consistence to leads, or dread of discipline. The pioneer must have the capacity to make a high-trust society which unleashes the imagination of individuals. He or she must depend less on power or position and all the more on imparted vision, values and reason. With respect to, Giacalone, Rosenfeld, (2013) states: "The conventional hierarchical pyramid must be supplanted by a regular progressive system where status and impact relate to commitment as opposed to the position." (Giacalone, Rosenfeld, 2013). Reexamining administration instruction and preparing towards an all the more right-cerebrum consideration. The customary administration of training and preparing depend intensely on left-cerebrum considering, deductive thinking and scientific considering. The directors without bounds oblige an alternate set of abilities focused around the working of the right-mind like comprehensive (Aziz, Ahmad, 2013). Conclusion The ramifications of the future developmental basic for business and administration are the space of vision, mission and qualities associations need to find a higher reason which can move and trigger this higher development inside the association. There must be a more noteworthy consideration regarding the advancement of the ethical, stylish, natural and profound staffs and possibilities of workers which will prompt their higher development. References Aziz, T., Ahmad, A. (2013). An evaluation of business improvement through quality management principles in SMEs. International Journal of Quality and Innovation, 2(2), 193-216. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014). Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Cengage Learning. Drucker, P. (2013). People and performance. Routledge. Giacalone, R. A., Rosenfeld, P. (Eds.). (2013). Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press. Henry, O. (2012). Henry Fayol (1841-1925): State Reform as Entrepreneurship. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014). Business process management. Routledge. Sale, P. F., Agardy, T., Ainsworth, C. H., Feist, B. E., Bell, J. D., Christie, P., ... Sheppard, C.

Two Nation Theory free essay sample

We can define nation as a people who have some common attributes of race, language, religion or culture and united and organized by the state and by common sentiments and aspiration. A nation becomes so only when it has a spirit or feeling of nationality. A nation is a culturally homogeneous social group, and a politically free unit of the people, fully conscious of its psychic life and expression in a tenacious way. Nationality Mazzini said: â€Å"Every people has its special mission and that mission constitutes its nationality†. Nation and Nationality differ in their meaning although they were used interchangeably. A nation is a people having a sense of oneness among them and who are politically independent. In the case of nationality it implies a psychological feeling of unity among a people, but also sense of oneness among them. The sense of unity might be an account, of the people having common history and culture. But nationality largely requires the element of political independence either achieved or aspired. Secondly, a nation must have a political organization of passionate desire for such an organization. But a nationality is a political, cultural, spiritual and unified community of a people. A. E. Zimmern said: â€Å"Nationality, like religion, is subjective, psychological, a condition of mind, a spiritual possession, a way of feeling, thinking and living†. Two Nation Theory The two-nation theory in its simplest way means that cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Sub-continent. These differences of outlook, in fact, were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of the sub-continent into two independent states. The two-nation theory means that the Hindus and the Muslims are two different nations. On the basis of two-nation theory the Quaid-i-Azam demanded the partition of India into two states, a Muslim state to be called Pakistan and the other Hindu India that is Bharat. Evolution of Two Nation Theory Concept of Muslims as a Nation developed before the establishment of Pakistan. Pakistan was the product of this concept of nationhood rather than Pakistan creating a concept of nationhood. Retrospectively the Muslim nationalism emerged with the advent of Islam that introduced new principles pertinent to every sphere of life. It pledged the redemption of the humankind establishing a benign society based on Qur’anic teachings. The beginning of the Muslim nationalism in the Sub-Continent may be attributed to the first Indian who accepted Islam. The Arab traders had introduced the new religion, Islam, in the Indian coastal areas. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first Muslim invader who conquered some part of India and after that, Mahmud of Ghazna launched 17 attacks and opened the gate to preach Islam. The Muslim sufi (saints) like Ali Hejveri, Miran Hussain Zanjani etc. entered Sub-Continent. They, rejecting the vices in the Indian society, presented the pure practical picture of the teachings of Islam and got huge conversions. Qutub-ud-Din Aibuk permanently established Muslim dynasty in India that followed Sultanate and Mughal dynasties. Thus a strong Muslim community had emerged in India who had its own way of life, traditions, heroes, history and culture. Islam could not be absorbed in Hinduism. Deen-e-Ilahi, Bakhti movements, etc. created reaction amongst the Muslim ulama to preserve the pure Islamic character and save it from external onslaught. Role of Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi and others is noteworthy. Equality and social justice inspired conversions to Islam. The British won over the Muslim rulers due to the industrial and scientific developments and modern war strategy. The War of Independence (1857) was a shattering setback to the Indian Muslims who were held responsible for the rebellion by the British. The Muslims were put into the backwardness with the help of Hindus. This was one of the outstanding motivations that paved the way to declare the separate identity of nationalism, the Muslim nationalism. The Muslim scholars sought to reform the teaching of Islamic law and to promote its application in a Muslim society. The prominent name among them is Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) who awakened and guided his community well in time. His educational drive, the Ali-Garh movement, proved to be the best means of social mobility for the Muslim gentry under colonial rule. In 1885 the Indian National Congress was founded to indicate the beginning of the Indian nationalist movement under the British. The Congress worked and helped the British rule. Sir Syed advised the Muslims not to join it because, he thought, the Muslims were not in position to involve into the anti-government activities. It has been argued that Sir Syeds fear of Hindu domination sowed the seeds for the Two Nations Theory later espoused by the All-India Muslim League, founded in 1906 and led to its demand for a separate state for the Muslims of India. Sir Syed argued that modern education and non-political activities might be the key to Muslim advancement. The Ali-Garh movement produced educated leadership who could protect the Muslims’ rights on the Western political lines. All India Muslim League had been founded in Dhaka to promote loyalty to the British and to protect and advance the political rights and interests of the Muslims of India. Thus the concept of ‘separate electorates’ was put forward to dawn a new day for the Indian Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two-Nation Theory In beginning Sir Syed believed in Indian Nationalism but later due to Hindi-Urdu controversy, Sir Syed’s faith in a united India was shaken and he began to advocate the two nation theory. He made the Muslims realize that they are separate nation. Their religion is very powerful. Muslims should demand for separate homeland of their own. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Muslim leader who used the word â€Å"NATION† for the Muslims of Sub-continent. According to Sir Syed in India there exist two nations, the Hindus and Muslims. They could not live together and that as the time would pass the hostility between the two-nation would grow. Sir Syed was of the view that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations because their religion, history, culture and civilization were different from each other. Sir Syed’s political views could be summed up as: 1. That India was a continent, not a country. 2. That it was inhabited by a vast population of different races and different creeds. 3. That among these, Hindus and Muslims, were the major nations on the basis of nationality, religion, customs, cultures, cultural and historical traditions. 4. After the British quit, they could not share the political power equally. That was simply impossible and inconceivable. 5. The Indian National Congress was not acceptable to the Muslims. 6. Muslims could not accept a democratic set up of western type because with a one to four ratio of population, they could be enslaved by the Hindus. 7. There would be a disastrous civil war if the Congress persisted in its policy of yoking together the two nations. The above discuss leads us to conclude that Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the staunch believer and eminent preacher to Two-Nation Theory; on account of which, he may be called the real founder to two-Nation Theory in sub-continent. Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory Allama Iqbal was a great poet, philosopher and a politician. Iqbal had a sensitive heart and a deep-thinking inquisitive mind. He was dismayed at the pathetic conditions of the Muslims in general and of the Indian Muslims in particular. Allama Iqbal delivered historical address at Allahabad. â€Å"The units of Indian society are not territorial as in the European countries. India is a continent of human groups belonging to different races speaking different languages and professing different religions. Their behaviour is not at all determined by a common race-consciousness. † Under such circumstances, Allama Iqbal proposed a separate state of the Muslims. In his presidential address to the Allahabad session of the Muslim League in 1930, he said: â€Å"Personally I would go further†¦. I would like to see the Punjab, North WestFrontierProvince, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a single consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North WestIndia. † Allama Iqbal claimed that the Muslims were a separate nation in every respect. His own words in this regard were as follows: We have a population of seven crore among all nations of the sub-continent, we are the most united. In fact, of all the nations inhabiting the country, Muslims are the only true nation according to the most modern definition of the world. † In short the prophecy of Iqbal acted as a spur for the Muslims of India who craved out an independent state Pakistan for themselves, Seventee n years later (Allahabad Address 1930) on 14th August 1947. Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Two-Nation Theory Quaid-e-Azam’s struggle also based on two-nation theory: Quaid-e-Azam said: Difference in India between the two major nations, the Hindus and the Muslims are thousand times greater when compared with the continent of Europe. † Quaid-e-Azam further said: â€Å"India is not a national state. India is not a country but a Sub-continent composed of nationalities, the two major nations being Hindus and the Muslims whose culture and civilizations, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, laws and jurisprudence, social moral codes, customs and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, outlook on life and of life are fundamentally different. By all canons of international law we are nation. † In 1940, Muslim League embraced the creed of Chaudhry Rehmat Ali and the historic session on March 23, 1940 in Lahore demanded the establishment of Pakistan. On that occasion, Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential address said: â€Å"Islam and Hinduism are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders†¦ The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. † He refuted the claim of All Indian Nation Congress that India had only one single nation, in the name of Indian by the following statement. The history of the last twelve hundred years has failed to achieve the unity and has witnessed, India always divided into Hindu India and Muslim India. Quaid-e-Azam made the English ruler realize the fundamental deep rooted spiritual economic, social and political differences. He said that their efforts would frustrate which they were making to bind all Indians through central Government. Importance of Two Nation Theory The Two-Nation Theory served as the basis of demand for Pakistan by the Muslims in British India. There are two major nations in British India. The Muslims are not a community but a nation with a distinctive history, heritage, culture, civilization, and future aspirations. The Muslims wanted to preserve and protect their distinct identity and advance their interests in India. They wanted to order their lives in accordance with their ideals and philosophy of life without being overwhelmed by an unsympathetic majority. Initially, they demanded safeguards, constitutional guarantees and a federal system of government with powers to the provinces for protection and advancement of their heritage, identity and interests. Later, they demanded a separate state when neither the British nor the Hindu majority community was willing to offer those guarantees and safeguards.

Was the Treaty of Versailles Unfair to Germany Essay Example

Was the Treaty of Versailles Unfair to Germany Paper The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28th, 1919. It took David Lloyd-George, Prime Minister of Britain, Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France, and Thomas Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States of America, six months to negotiate this peace treaty. I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was reasonable, mostly fair but sometimes unfair as well, as Germany had annexed parts of other countries and it was only fair to give those parts back to their original country, also Germany invaded Belgium, a neutral country, destroying it. However, it was unfair that Germans who lived in parts of Germany, such as Posen and near Danzig, were not allowed to be German or a part of Germany, while for example Poles who had been living in Germany before the Treaty of Versailles, now had their own country, Poland. According to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to lose 10 percent of its land and all of its colonies1. Germans did not like this; however, Germany had annexed Alsace- Lorraine, two rich industrial parts of France after the Franco- Prussian wars in 1870 and 1871, and in 1918 after Russia had signed the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk, Germany took 35 percent of Russias land together with most of its industry. Germans were now thinking that losing 10 percent was a lot, when before they had had no problem with forcing Russia to lose 35 percent of its land, especially most of its industrial land. We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Treaty of Versailles Unfair to Germany specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Treaty of Versailles Unfair to Germany specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Treaty of Versailles Unfair to Germany specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Treaty of Versailles now simply commanded Germany to return Alsace- Lorraine to France, the 35 percent of Russia was partly given back to Russia but was also use to form new countries, Schleswig was given to Denmark, West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia were given to Poland2 just to name a few. Article 116 of the Treaty of Versailles states: Germany acknowledges and agrees to respect as permanent and inalienable the independence of all the territories which were part of the former Russian Empire on August 1st, 1914. 3 And article 51 says that: The territories which were ceded to Germany in accordance with the Preliminaries of Peace signed at Versailles on February 26, 1871, and the Treaty of Frankfurt of May 10, 1871, are restored to French sovereignty as from the date of the Armistice of November 11, 1918. The provisions of the Treaties establishing the delimitation of the frontiers before 1871 shall be restored. 4 These article states that Germany shall respect the parts of th e former Russian Empire, which it annexed, now to be free and no longer a part of Germany. The second article states that Alsace- Lorraine shall be returned to France, and that the German and French boundary is to be just like it was before the Franco- Prussia wars. Also articles such as, 83, 87 and 1095 command Germany to give land to Poland, Czechoslovakia and Denmark and establish the new German boarders. On August 4th, 1914 Germany invaded Belgium, which up till then had been a neutral country just like the Netherlands. With this act Germany broke article seven of the 1839 Treaty of London, which stated that: Belgium, within the limits specified in Articles I, II, and IV, shall form an independent and perpetually neutral State. It shall be bound to observe such neutrality towards all other States. 6 However, the German army went through Belgium plundering and terrorizing- they shot civilians, burned down towns, raped women and children7, while trying to full fill the Schlieffen Plan. The German army did not only do this to Belgium, but to all other countries they invaded, but Belgium is simply one of the most known as it marked the begin of World War One. As a result it is quite fair that Germany had to pay 132 billion German marks8 for the reparations of World War One, after they went through a country destroying it and its people, invaded other countries such as Russia and France, doing the same there. However, you can also look from the other side, Germany didnt only have to pay for the damage it made, but also for the damage the British, the French, the Russians, the Americans and everyone else who fought in the war made. But Germany was one of the strongest, on of the richest country and the USA, Britain and France could not let Germany stay too powerful. I still believe that this was not too harsh on Germany, as Germany caused a lot of damage and started the war, and now had to pay. One of Woodrow Wilsons fourteen points was self- determination. This meant that he wanted every nationality to be able to rule themselves, in their own country9. As a fact, this point was incorporated in the Treaty of Versailles leading to the creation of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia and to the recreation Poland. Czechoslovakia was mostly made up of mostly Czechs (seven million) and Slovaks (two million). However, there were also seven hundred thousand Hungarians, four hundred fifty thousand Ukrainians and three and a half million Germans living in Czechoslovakia10. Yugoslavia was mostly made up of Serbs, Macedonians, Croats, Slovenes and Bosnians11. Poland was recreated but around thirty percent of its population was not Polish, but Russian or German or Jewish,12 to name some. Due to the Treaty these Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, Macedonians and Slovenes, all got their own country, which they could rule. This was self- determination. However, the Germans living in Czechoslovakia were not allowed to be German and they were not allowed to live in their own country and be ruled by Germans. These Germans had to be Czechoslovakian, which a majority of the Germans did not want to be as many wanted to live inside Germany. The same thing happened with Poland and the Polish Corridor. The Germans living near Danzig, in the Polish Corridor, now no longer were German but Polish instead. This was basically against Woodrow Wilsons point of Self- determination, as these Germans were not allowed to live in their own country and to be their own nationality. Therefore I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was mostly fair but also a bit unfair, due to the fact that Germany had annexed parts of, for example France and Russia and it was nothing but fair, that Germany had to return this land. Also Germany started World War One or at least the actual fighting, by invading the neutral state of Belgium, demolishing it. And lastly, and the reason why I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was a bit unfair, because Germans living in parts of Germany that were given to another country, were not allowed to rule themselves, or to live in their own country going against the point of self- determination in the Treaty of Versailles. All in all I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was reasonable. References http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/partiii.asp http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/london1839.htm https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/1004/Germany-finishes-paying-WWI-reparations-ending-century-of-guilt

Primitivism Essay free essay sample

Paul Gauguin is said to have always felt like an ‘other’, a primitive and therefore in his later years set out in search of a pure society that was close to nature and free from the corruption of civilisation. ‘Gauguin is traditionally cast as the founding father of modernist primitivism. ’ (Solomon-Godeau, A. 1989. pp314) His many works explore and express his desire to find authenticity and to ‘become a savage’. Similar to Gauguin, Emil Nolde seeks to return to a oneness with nature, in an attempt to bridge German’s past with its future. Using traditional German forms of art such as folk art and craft and combining this with that of modern images, using loose brushstrokes to create an earthy and natural feel to his works. Nolde was a part of the German Expressionism movement which sought to unshackle their civilisation and return to nature and freedom. â€Å"Primitive peoples create their works with the material itself in the artist’s hand, held in his fingers. We will write a custom essay sample on Primitivism Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Nolde, 1934) This statement by Nolde explores tactility and the idea of the power of expression in such simple forms, which is what Nolde explains to be a contributing factor as to why artists are so drawn to the works of the primitive peoples. These simple, natural works are intense in their expression of power and meaning thus providing artist such as Nolde and Gauguin with inspiration and direction for their works, showing them how to create simple yet expressive works of art that are moving and captivating to the viewer. Emil Nolde, ‘In the paintings by which he is best known, ‘primitive’ figure types are used to evoke emotional and religious themes. ’ (Harrison, C Wood, P. 1992. ) Emil Nolde’s works such as ‘Dance Around the Golden Calf’ (1910) and ‘St Mary of Egypt’ (1912) show this expressive form of painting, with loose brushstrokes and wide use of colour creating a very rhythmic and sensuous painting. These works are representative of Nolde’s move to a oneness with nature as it can be seen that the expression and movement within ‘Dance Around the Golden Calf‘ is very natural and flows. St Mary of Egypt’ uses a wide range of colour and loose brushstrokes to create an incredibly expressive and bold artwork. It is clear to see that Emil Nolde is influenced by the works of primitive peoples as his works are simple yet largely expressive and moving in their aesthetics. Emil Nolde was seen to be very political in his time and was very outspoken with his ideals of art. He ‘attacked the scientific approach to tribal art that ignores its aesthetic potential. While â€Å"Coptic, Early Christian, Greek terracottas and vases, Persian and Islamic art† have been admitted to the canons of high art, he complains, â€Å"Chinese and Japanese art are still classified under ethnography and primitive art is ignored altogether†(Lloyd, J. 1985. pp. 46) This statement shows that the art of primitive people was yet to be considered ‘art’ by the society at that time, therefore by such well known artists as Emil Nolde and Paul Gauguin using non-European cultures as inspiration for their works would have lead to the change in attitudes towards the art of the primitive peoples. Perhaps informing people of its true artistic qualities and lending society to the idea that primitive art should indeed be considered art. Nolde was very political in his manners and rejected any mixing of races, in art as well as in life. ‘The Roman Empire, he tells us, never produced art of real value since it was an amalgam of nations. To this remarkable statement he adds the following observation: ‘England in many respects to be compared with the Roman Empire like all Germanic people once had great art, poetry, and wonderful music. But after the immigration of Spanish Jews the country became materialistic, concerned only with power and possessions. Its interests spanned the whole world and went all directions, and what remains now is a nation almost impotent in the arts. ’ (Ettlinger, L. 1968. pp. 200) Although these were his views and opinions, Nolde was still heavily influenced by non-European cultures weaving many references to these cultures throughout his works. Paul Gauguin, like Emil Nolde, used a vast range of colours and wove a flowing feel throughout his works symbolic of the freedom and natural qualities found amongst these non-European cultures they so highly treasured. ‘The Polynesian titles he gave most of his Tahitian works were intended to represent himself to his European market, as well as his friends, as one who had wholly assimilated the native culture. In fact, and despite his lengthy residence, Gauguin never learned to speak the language, and most of his titles were either colonial pidgin or grammatically incorrect. ’ (Godeau. pp. 325) This statement by Solomon-Godeau shows that although Paul Gauguin has set out to return to his primitive ways and ‘become a savage’, he was still programmed to thinking like that of someone from the bourgeois society, unable to fully comprehend the traditions and culture of these primitive people. Gauguin’s works such as ‘Two Women on a Beach’ (1891) and ‘Merahi metua no Tehamana (Tehamana Has Many Ancestors)’ (1893) both explore this natural and pure lifestyle that Gauguin sort to find amongst the Tahitians, whilst also juxtaposing the French impression of their culture and their influence with the use of the European clothes that these women wear. Within the work ‘Two Women on a Beach’ Gauguin’s use of loose, free brushstrokes emphasises the fact that the women are close to nature, they look as though they are carved out of wood. However, these women are also seen to be out of place in their environment as their stances seem somewhat awkward and uncomfortable and the image has been cropped making it feel as though they don’t fit in the image. Both are seen to be wearing missionary dresses/European clothes and are weaving, representing the French’s view of the Tahitian women, lazy, close to nature and savage. Gauguin’s work ‘Tehamana Has Many Ancestors’, similar to that of ‘Two Women on a Beach’, depicts a girl (Tehamana) seated wearing European clothes, holding a woven fan with flowers threaded throughout her hair. Tehamana, like the women in ‘Two Women on a Beach’, also seems somewhat out of place and as though she does not fit within this image. The references to her savage lineage, through the use of the paintings on the wall behind her and the petrogliphs reinforces the fact that like many other Tahitians, Tehamana ‘had no relation to her former traditions. ’ (Godeau. pp. 326) The images of Tahitian women wearing European clothing emphasises and makes reference to the Catholic, Mormon and Calvinist missionaries that had been at work in Tahiti for many years before Gauguin had travelled over to Tahiti. The authenticity that Gauguin had set out to discover had diminished, therefore ‘Gauguin did not paint Tahiti, but his Tahitian dream. ’ (Staszak, J. 2004. pp. 353) These images highlighted the fact that the Tahitian’s ‘pre-European culture had been effectively destroyed. ’ (Godeau. pp. 324) ‘Not only had the indigenous religion been eradicated, but the handicrafts, barkcloth production, art of tattoo and music had equally succumbed to the interdiction of the missionaries or the penetration of European Products. The bright-coloured cloth used for clothing, bedding and curtains that Gauguin depicted was of European design and manufacture. ’ (Godeau. pp. 324) Paul Gauguin, Emil Nolde and many artists alike have been vastly influenced by the works of primitive peoples, borrowing certain aspects of their culture and art in order to gain inspiration for their own works and expand their expressive capabilities within their art works. The fact that these artists are well known for their works relating to the primitive that have drawn inspiration from non-European, ‘savage’ cultures emphasises this notion that indeed art by primitive peoples should be considered a true art form. Reference List Ettlinger, L. D. â€Å"German Expressionism and Primitive Art,† The Burlington Magazine Vol. 110 No. 781 (1968): pp. 200, accessed May 8, 2012. http://www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/875584. pdf? acceptTC=true Lloyd, J. â€Å"Emil Noldes Still Lifes, 1911-1912: Modernism, Myth, and Gesture,† Anthropology and Aesthetics No. (1985): pp. 46, accessed May 8, 2012. http://www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/20166722. pdf Harrison, C. , Wood, P. Eds. , â€Å"Emil Nolde ‘On Primitive Art’,† Art in Theory 1900-1990, 1992. Solomon-Godeau, A. â€Å"Paul Gauguin and the Invention of Primitivist Modernism,† Art in America , July 1989. (pp. 314,325,326,342) Staszak, J. F. â€Å"Primitivism and the other. History of art and cultural geography,† GeoJournal Vol. 60 No. 4 (2004): pp. 353, accessed May 8, 2012. http://www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/41147901. pd