Possible Extinction African Elephant Due to Human Impacts - 2750 Words

Possible Extinction of the African Elephant Due to Human Impacts (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessor's nameCourseDatePossible Extinction of the African Elephant Due to Human ImpactsIntroductionIn the past, humans practiced hunting and gathering as a way of finding food. They would hunt down animals for food and feed the different communities. Over time, as the human population grew. The growth in human population meant that there was an increased demand in food, thus leading to an increased number of animals to hunt down. It became impossible for the humans to solely depend on animals for food. Another result with the increased human population was increased demand for land. The humans turned to cutting down or burning vegetation. In the process, some animals were burnt down. There was also an increased demand for vegetation for the animals and it was more of the survival for the fittest.With time, certain animal species reduced in number and some became extinct. It was not only experienced with the animals, but also with some plants. In the recent day, there has been increased awareness on the negative effects of certain human action to plants and animals. People have to obtain licenses to hunt, and even then, there are certain rules and guidelines they have to follow. The action has been taken to prevent the extinction of certain animals. There are certain individuals, however, who arent concerned with the animals. They poach the animals for different personal and material gains. It is a threat to the worlds wildlife. The paper focuses on the Loxodonta africana elephant species in Africa. The Loxodonta africana is the Savanna Elephant (Comstock, 2492).ResearchBetween 2003 and 2014, elephants have been killed greatly especially in Central Africa, thus becoming difficult to sustain the elephant population and demand of the tasks. Between 2007 and 2009 and 2011 and 2014, West Africa also killed so many elephants and it is hard to keep up with the killing. Botswana is one country that has faced high rates of elephant poaching. They have, however, invested in the protection of their elephants in the past years. They have managed by relocating the elephants to safer areas and also translocation of the elephants from the areas they are more prone to being poached. In South Africa, the poaching was frequent but reduced significantly and there was no poaching 2000 and 2003. The graph below shows the poaching trend in the Kruger National Park in South Africa. It is predicted that by the end of next year, about 45 elephants will have been killed (Walsh, 1197). EMBED Excel.Chart.8 \s 
In Kenya, an annual report was given in 2012 showed that there were thirty eight thousand elephants. In 2013, the report that shows that three hundred and two elephants were poached that year. The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), however, realized that the elephants population had grown in the same year by one thousand and forty elephants in the areas they monitored. In 2014, the number of the elephants poached reduced to one hundred and thirty seven elephants.ResultsDifferent human actions have led to the decline in the number of elephants. Most elephants die as a result of human action rather than natural causes or old age. People hunt down the elephants for their ivory. The ivory is used to produce ornaments. The ornaments are mainly high-end and fetch high profits to the manufacturers. There is therefore, an increased demand in the ivory for the production of more ornaments. Other human actions that have led to the decrease in the number of animals is feeding on them, which is less common for elephants and overexploitation of land leading to reduced vegetation for the animals to feed on, which leads to an overall effect on the food chain (Fay, 28).The situation has become very serious in the recent days. Some people and organizations have decided to start up animal orphanages for rescuing the animals. Most of the young elephants there have been rescued after their mothers were found killed and their ivories tak en away. Before the orphanages, such calves died after their mothers died since it was difficult for them to adapt to the environment without their mothers, and some would even starve to death after their mother were killed. Others are the animals rescued, some having been injured by humans after leaving the forests in such of food. The orphanages help treat the wounds till the elephants fully recover and are then returned to the forests. Sometimes people attack the elephants even when they mean no harm to the human life.AnalysisFrom the above chart that represents data from a South African Park, it shows how poaching has been on the rise. If 45 elephants are poached in the next year as predicted, it means that by 2020, the poachers might be killing around 100 elephants each year, and the number keeps rising. The data shows there is a great threat to the elephants and worse so the species that are fewer in number. It is an indication that there is great need to deal with the poachin g before some of the elephant species become extinct.For the Loxodonta Africana, they are mostly in family groups of between one elephant and seven elephants. There are many single adult female families, which is a result of most of the male being poached or dying of natural causes. Some elephants also dont have kins, which is uncommon among the elephants since they have much value for the family unit. When it comes to attacks from poachers, they mainly target the single adult female families. This is because there is less resistance from the elephants. With a male-dominated family, the head of the family tries to attack the intruder. It gives other elephants the morale to fight back. It therefore reduces the chances of poacher success (Brugiere, 442). Some families are thus more vulnerable than others. The weights of the elephants also affect their chances of poached. The table below shows the group compositions and their weights. The table below shows the elephant group sizes and their frequencies as compared to the Amboseli elephants.Table  SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1: Elephant Group SIzes and Frequencies in Savannah ElephantsElephant group sizesFrequency00130233324475262Table  SEQ Table \* ARABIC 2: Elephant Group SIzes and Frequencies in Amboseli ElephantsElephant Group SizesFrequency00102435455964748191104112123130140151161170181When people feed on the elephants, it becomes impossible to keep up with the demand. An illustration is that if one elephant feeds a particular community for three weeks, the community will have to hunt down an elephant monthly. That community alone will feed on a minimum of twelve elephants annually. On the other hand, the gestation period of an elephant is two years. It is clear that the rate of supply is inversely proportional to the supply of the elephants. Another thing is the overexploitation of land as a result of the increased human popula tion. With increased population, more land is required for both settlement and cultivation. People cut down trees so that they can acquire more land. Sometimes they burn down the vegetation. Other times people burn charcoal in the forests, which sometimes lead to huge fires that go on even for days. While fires are used, it is possible that some animals die in the fires. Other than the fires, the reduced vegetation leads to the elephants searching for greener pastures. As a result, they leave the forests. They sometimes destroy farmers crops. Other times they may attack and kill people. Angry mobs then fight and kill the elephants before the responsible parties and associations are able to rescue them (Caughley, 160).DiscussionOne reason for protecting the animals is for the future generations. The reason we found and are lucky to have seen the elephants is because the generations before protected the animals. It is only fair for the future generations to have a chance to see the el ephants rather than just reading about them. It will also give future generations enough reasons to conserve the environment and also protect the animals. If the current generation doesnt, the future generations will use the failure as an excuse for not protecting what they finding or for failing to conserve the environment.Africa has greatly depended on wildlife revenue over the years. Wildlife fetches the countries revenue, with some countries like Kenya having wildlife as their main source of revenue. If the animals arent protected and become extinct, the visitors and tourists to Africa will reduce significantly. Looking at the recent security threats that Africa has faced, they complained of reduced income. A country like Kenya, for example, suffered greatly from the terror attacks that had some of the tourists return to their homes, some before the dates they had planned to leave and others after their mother countries advised them to return to their home countries. During the time, different rates such as the hotel rates reduced greatly to attract tourists. Assuming that the animals are extinct, there would be a reduced number of tourists visiting thus reduced economic growth in Africa.While still focusing on Africas economic position, the current poaching doesnt add economic value to the continent (Burton, 104). When the tasks are sold and exported, its all done illegally. Therefore, the involved parties dont pay tax since it is an illegal business. The money obtained from the business helps only a few number of people. The money is used to pay bribes to manage to poach and even transport the elephants tasks. Other than the few beneficiaries, it doesnt add economic value to the continent.Africa isnt the only continent that would suffer as a result of the animals becoming extinct. T...

The Power Of Love By Sue Johnson - 1457 Words

The bonds people form as infants from the time that person grows old, are important to their way of life (Johnson, 2016, p.10). The decrease of heart risk, the reduced stress, and the longevity of life are all aspects that come from a successful relationship with strong confident bonds (Johnson, 2016, p.13).The same can be said though for people with orientated and problematic relationships with harmful side effects like decreased life, excessive amounts of cortisol, and uncontrollable weight gain (Schaeffer, 2009, p.24). All the side effects shown and more have been proven with multiple researches and experiments throughout the years that support the claim; relationships can affect different aspects of a person’s life. In the magazine article, â€Å"The Power of Love† published by Time in 2016 and written by Sue Johnson, she explains that the quality of a relationship can have its health perks, but also it can be a peril in its absence. The disturbing truth is that an epidemic of depression is increasing steadily in this society. The rise in isolation and social disorder is so demanding on the human body it warrants a patient to doctor appointment (Johnson, 2016, p.10). This is because of the rise in technology, leading to the isolation a person might feel in life. It is often said that recently a person’s life partner is the only reliable source of comfort the significant other has in a society of isolation (Johnson, 2016, p.10). The bond people have with oneShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of The Vietnam War1691 Words   |  7 Pagesand that very production of consumer goods was the trade that many of those hurt the worst by the Great Depression relied upon.2 This vicious cycle was one t hat would continue to plague the country until a new problem, the need to address the rising power of Nazi Germany and her belligerent ally Japan, became too great to ignore. The widespread effect that the Great Depression had on the lives of millions of Americans, including Lorraine and Leonard Brenhofer, wasn’t truly resolved until the end ofRead MoreSlavery During The Civil Rights Movement Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesthinking has been taught to both sides of this ongoing battle even showing up in the Presidential election with the words of Donald Trump on February 22 in Las Vegas, NV. Oh, I love the old days, you know? You know what I hate? There s a guy, totally disruptive, throwing punches, we re not allowed to punch back anymore. I love the old days. You know what they used to do to guys like that when they were in a place like this? They d be carried out on a stretcher, folks (Deaton, Chris).† These wordsRead MoreCCCH9009 Reflective Essay2036 Words   |  9 Pagesregardless of your background, wealth and power. Unfortunately, in an authoritarian state like China, rule of law does not seem to play out its ideal role. The story of Ma Welin, the ‘peasant champion’, has precisely portrayed such fallacy in the Mainland nowadays. Firstly, there is a lack of effective checks and balances on government power and authority. The Chinese government essentially enjoys immunity from a majority of lawsuits. For instance, one cannot sue government censors for violating one’sRead MoreWhy I Left for the City1143 Words   |  5 Pagesup here are very racist and resent the businesses hiring African Americans over whites. It’s not just African Americans that the Northerners don’t like, but also the overwhelming population of immigrants. Ever since President Coolidge signed the Johnson-Reed act people treat the immigrant’s worse. The other day one of my friends was telling me a story about a trial just last year where the two men named Sacco and Vanzetti were executed, it is widely known, just because they were Italians, not bornRead More Speech and Deception in John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pageslost; the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome? That glory never shall his wrath or might Extort from me.   To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee, and deify his power (106-12). His refusal to deify God is a contradiction in terms.   In addition, here, as throughout much the poem, Satan continues to hedge the other side of the argument, insisting that he isnt forced to do evil by opposingRead MoreTruman Show and Pleasantville Essay2023 Words   |  9 Pagesaudience’s perceptions of â€Å"The American Dream† change. Towards the middle sequence of Pleasantville, there is an eye level, medium close up on George Parker. Mary-Sue has gone out with her boyfriend and George is assuring Bud that Mary-Sue is a good girl and would do nothing wrong. During this time, Jennifer is at Lovers lane making love to her boyfriend. This scene describes the ignorance of people within a â€Å"perfect† society, one described by â€Å"The American Dream.† This scene shows how people canRead MoreAuthor Sue Monk Kidd’S Famed Novel, The Secret Life Of1885 Words   |  8 Pages Author Sue Monk Kidd’s famed novel, The Secret Life of Bees, chronicles the story of a young girl Lily in the summer of 1964, as she escapes her abusive and dreadful past to find love and acceptance among a group of eccentric African American beekeepers. The novel centers around one of the most racially divided periods to occur since the Civil War, and shows how it affected not only African Americans, but young, impressionable white children like Lily. The author addresses the inhumanity of racismRead MoreEthical and Legal Issues in Magazines2250 Words   |  9 Pageswant. Advertisers also give controversial ads that can raise some ethical problems for the readers. Some examples of controversial ads such as Benetton, Tom ford Perfume, DolceGabbana, American Apparel or a French campaign against Aids (a man making love to a giant-black scorpion)[6] have been seen in most famous fashion magazines. They are always racial, ethnicity or sexual oriented which can be good when it creates a buzz but also can be associated with the magazine’ s image and may damage the latterRead MoreMusic Notes3387 Words   |  14 Pagesof Mainstream Pop Leading up to 1955 National vs. Regional Changes * Emergence of technology took music from a regional scope to a national level * Radio (1920’s) directed at white middle class * Broken up into Superstations (high power) and Networks (NBC coast to coast broadcasting, developed in one area and broadcast nationally, model used today) * All music was live and records were seen as ‘fooling people’ * Overnight popularity * Some styles became nationalRead MoreSame Sex Relationships1932 Words   |  8 Pagesneither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals†. (1 Corinthians 6:9) Research has found that in a few ancient and medieval societies, erotic love bonds were created between an experienced warrior and their apprentice in countries such as Greece and Japan because it was believed that this love bond between the two would make them fight harder and with greater determination. As we all know same sex relationship has been going on for a long period of time

How Islamic Architecture in Spain Changed from the Seventh...

The Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba was built in Cà ³rdoba, Andalucà ­a, southern Spain: the capital at which Muslims exist. The great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba went under massive changes over centuries. These changes occurred because the Mosque was conquered by groups of people following different religions, including Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Each religion marked its conception through changing or adding a unique artwork that symbolized its essence. The Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba was built by Arab architects in the eighth century and then a cathedral was added by Christian conquers in the sixteenth century . Islam was born in the seventh century but Islamic architectures’ uniqueness among other architectures appeared in the eighth century after the†¦show more content†¦The three successive Abd ar-Rahman monarchs of the Ummayyad dynasty chose Cà ³rdoba to seal Muslim presence in Spain. became the gateway through which the culture of Islam was sent to northern Europe , but it was also the gateway through which the Europe of the barbarians came to renew their links with their lost Mediterranean past . Arabs were able to mark their presence on the Iberian Peninsula that contains Spain and Portugal, by expressing themselves through architecture, food, and teachings, along with many other things. Arabs replaced the Roman system. They introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, rice, cotton and the palm tree. Arabs didn’t force conversion to Islam on people, but they did influence the region’s people through the teaching of science, medicine and astronomy. Arabs symbolized their religion through architecture, knowledge, philosophy and medicine. They constructed buildings with Islamic worship facilities, and they treated these places as a place of worship and they did religious practices. One of the most recognized examples of Arab influenced architectures was â€Å"The Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba†. It was known for its notable worsh ip features. Each feature explained how a task should be done and by whom. The facilities demonstrated the full task of worship and prayer that Muslims do. These features included the prayer niches and prayer hall, each characterized by its uniqueShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesCataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical

“Ships at a Distance” Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching...

Zora Neale Hurston opens Their Eyes Were Watching God with an eloquent metaphor regarding dreams: â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others, they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time (Hurston 1).† Hurston describes here how some dreams are achieved with time while others lurk out of reach until the dreamer gives up. Janie Crawford, protagonist of Their Eyes Were Watching God, encounters numerous ambitions throughout her life, mainly concerning a desire to somehow achieve something in life, and to not just go through the motions. While Janie’s dreams and my own do not†¦show more content†¦The pear tree is her inspiration and her first true desire. She longs to bud and blossom, like the tree, and cannot wait to discover herself and all the wonders of the world. Another desire of young Janie is to find true, passionate love in a relationship. Returning to the metaphor of the pear tree, Janie says to her Grandma, â€Å"‘Ah wants things sweet wid mah marriage lak when you sit under a pear tree and think’† (Hurston 24). Janie dreams of a peaceful, pleasant, and comfortable love in her marriage, similar to the quiet bliss of sitting in the shade of a blossoming pear tree. In her article, Kubitschek also points out Darwin Turner’s understanding that â€Å"‘All Janie wants is to love, be loved, and to share the life of her man. But . . . she must first find a man wise enough to let her be whatever kind of woman she wants to be’† (qtd. in Kubitschek 109). Unfortunately, this love and freedom was not acquired in Janie’s first marriage. Despite her hope that feelings of true love would develop with her first husband Logan Killicks, â€Å"she knew now that marriage did not make love. Janie’ s first dream was dead, so she became a woman† (Hurston 25). Discontent with lack of passion in her first marriage, Janie decides to abandon her dream of finding love with Logan and does not hesitate to run away with Jody Starks when the situation presents itself. Deborah Clarke comments on this change in heart, writing, â€Å"Janie thus gives up aShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching By Zora Hurston1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe book their eyes were watching was written by Zora Hurston, and she tells the life story of a girl named Janie. It starts off with a metaphor explaining that women are the type to chase their dreams and even when it seems they can never accomplish it they never lose sight of it. Men on the other type to have dreams but instead of chasing like how Zora says women do they want their dream to come to them. The book is a frame narrative being and told by Zora but switches from Janie s point of viewRead MoreA Womens Search for Identity in Zora Neale H urston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God729 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"It’s uh known fact, Pheoby, you got tuh go there tuh know there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hurston 192). The theme of identity can be seen throughout Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, of a story of a women’s journey for self-identification. Through symbolic imagery, such as the pear tree, Janie’s hair, and the horizon, Hurston ultimately shows a women’s quest for her identity. As a young teenager, Janie becomes infatuated with the idea of an idealistic romance: â€Å"She saw a dust-bearing bee sink into theRead MoreGender Roles in Their Eyes Were Watching God1087 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Gender Roles in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God During the 1900’s, women, specifically black women, were considered to be property of men in the United States, especially down south, in states such as Florida and Georgia. Legally, women had no voice. For example, if a woman was abused by her husband, the court system would not acknowledge it even if it did really happen. In the article â€Å"Sexism in the Early 1900’s†, Becca Woltemath states that â€Å"†¦a woman’s job is to take care of the houseRead MoreHow One Fulfills A Dream?1570 Words   |  7 PagesHow one fulfills a dream is a contested and unsettled concept. Is it based on luck, skill, chance, or something else entirely? Attributing a dream’s success to outside forces, such as luck and chance, creates unambitious tendencies. On the other hand, when a person has an internal locus of control, a belief that he or she can influence their success themselves, they take their life into their own hands and control their own destiny. In multiple studies, it has been shown that those with an internalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Summer Assignment1071 Words   |  5 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Summer Assignment Passage: â€Å"Listen, Sam, if it was nature, nobody wouldn’t have tuh look out for babies touchin’ stoves, would they? ’Cause dey just naturally wouldn’t touch it. But dey sho will. So it’s caution.† â€Å"Naw it ain’t, it’s nature, cause nature makes caution. It’s de strongest thing dat God ever made, now. Fact is it’s de onliest thing God every made. He made nature and nature made everything else.†(Hurston 64-65) Journal Entry: (R) This is a passageRead MoreThe Horizon of Possibility in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Hurston 595 Words   |  3 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston describes the horizon as possibilities and opportunities. When the story starts out Janie’s perception of the horizon changes first from desire for love to the need of love, and ultimately the feeling of contentment towards love to show Janie maturing throughout the novel. Firstly, Janie views the horizon as an opportunity for something great to happen in her life. For example, in the beginning paragraph in the novel, it illustrates how harboring ships give peopleRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott B. Fitzgerald1635 Words   |  7 Pagesprotagonist in Their Eyes Were Watching God to the use of first person narration of a secondary character in The Great Gatsby. What is the effect of having Nick tell Gatsby’s story versus Janie telling her own? Is Nick a reliable narrator? Is Janie? a While Janie tells her own perspective of her American Dream, Nick is under the impression of admiration towards Gatsby’s American Dream. 3. How are women able to express power in each novel? a The women in both novels were able to express powerRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God : Gender Differences1584 Words   |  7 PagesKhealsea Elkins Professor Katherine Chiles ENG AFST 233: Major Black Writers 14 October 2014 Their Eyes Were Watching God: Gender Differences Zora Neale Hurston is considered one of the most unsurpassed writers of twentieth-century African-American literature. Published in 1937, Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God depicts the life of Janie Crawford, an African-American woman, who is in search of true love and ultimately her true self. In the novel, Janie shows us that love comesRead MoreNot All Dreams Come True in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston601 Words   |  3 Pages At one point in every persons life, they have a dream. However, not all hopes and dreams come true. In the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, the protagonist, Janie Crawford, experiences the deaths of some of her dreams, but she also experiences the success of one. The deaths of these dreams change her opinion of men and caused her to become unsure of love. â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. For some they come in with the tide...Then they act and do thingsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston1459 Words   |  6 Pages 1. In â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neale Hurston, the main character Janie Crawford experiences many different kinds of love. Throughout her childhood, Janie experienced protective love from her grandmother. When Janie reached the ripe age of 16, her grandmother wanted her to get married. Because of this, she ended up marrying her first husband, Logan Killicks. Just like she did when she was with her grandmother, Janie was the receiver of protective love from her husband. The next type

Meg Whitman Is The Only Woman That Has Lead Two Major...

Background According to CNBC news (Wachenje et al., 2014) Meg Whitman is the only woman that has lead two major United States public companies. This phenomenal woman has had the pleasure of holding the title of CEO for not only eBay but also Hewlett-Packard. Margret Whitman, better known as Meg was born on August 4th, 1956 to Margret Cushing and Hedrick Hallett Whitman, Jr. in Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Whitman is the youngest of three children. Her mother was a stay-at-home mom and her father ran his own loan business. Whitman graduated high school in 1974 and from there went on to enroll in Princeton University for her undergraduate education. Initially Whitman aspired to become a doctor, however, she had difficulty with chemistry and physics as well as other classes. Whitman took up an interest in business when she began working for a student magazine in an advertising sales role. Whitman switched her major and graduated Princeton with a bachelor’s degree in economics. After Prince ton, Whitman joined the MBA program at Harvard Business School and graduated from the program in 1979. She now resides in California with her husband and her two sons. Work Experience Post-graduation Whitman was employed by Procter Gamble as a brand manager and relocated to Cincinnati. After a couple of years in Cincinnati, Whitman married a neurosurgeon, Griff Harsh, and they relocated to San Francisco so that Harsh could complete his residency. While in San Francisco, Whitman acquiredShow MoreRelatedInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesin strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect of and the world’s foremost authority on disruptive innovation. Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMerger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permissionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAccount Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing AssistantRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pagesof this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600

Business Driven Information Systems Free Essays

1. Do you agree or disagree with Friedman’s assessment that the world is flat? Be sure to justify your answer. I don’t fully agree with Friedman’s vision of the â€Å"flat World†. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Driven Information Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though I think we are more connected and informed than ever. According to me I feel Friedman’s views and research is mostly concerning the developed countries focusing on business and targeting the cooperate world. Today technology, telecommunications has definitely helped people around the world to be closer. But Friedman’s does not mention the less fortunate countries where the globalization is still a far dream. I feel Friedman’s analysis is a good fit for the rich and developed countries, where World has changed to a â€Å"global village†. 2. What are the potential impacts of a flat world for a student performing a job search? Today’s educated youth has all the potential and access to the world of technology at their fingertips. They can easily change to the growing job demands and are ready for job changes as needed. They sure got to have good education as the competition is high in today’s economy. I don’t think it’s difficult to find a job; it depends on how open you are to change in the new world of job opportunities and choose the best option. . What can students do to prepare themselves for competing in a flat world? Students can equip themselves for this competitive World by acquiring good education. Be updated in the field of your study and keep yourself open to news and updates. The coffee shop business is mainly framed in 2 mainstreams. Fi rst group is the major players like Starbucks, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Dietrich, Brewsters, New World, Gloria Gears, which can be denoted as Specialty Brands. Second group contains One-Store coffee shops like The Broadway Cafe. These are generally local, small businesses. The coffee shop industry possesses a very high intensified competition on all players: both Specialty Brand and One-Store Coffee Shops. The main reasons that contribute to the high competition are †¢ The number of shops is huge (hoovers. com) †¢ Competitors are selling same or similar products, including specialty coffees as well as high quality foods. †¢ The fixed cost portion constitutes a high portion of the cost structure. Companies should sell more products to cover these costs, which increases competition. How to cite Business Driven Information Systems, Papers

The Principles of Management

Question: a) What challenges facing a manager of a business in the twenty first century? b) Describe the resources that you consider vital for a manager in dealing successfully with these challenges? Answer: Part A: Case Introduction Case 1: All things Chocolate Lind realized that there are successes in small business. Having resigned from the profession as a teacher, she started a chocolate business. From the small start, she progressed until she modernized her apparatus with modern gadgets. In business, she diversified products and all her products were selling. In the process, she changes the location of the business by relocating to another region. The business thrived very well and this permitted her to invest as well in equipments for making chocolates. It was to empower other upcoming entrepreneurs with new modern equipment. Case 2: Indians Enron The reputation of IT corporations in India got questioned. Satyan reputation affected other It firms owing to its fraudulent acts. It led to other Indian companies losing governance and management credibility. Even though other firms are arguing that it is only one company that should carry its own burden, the regulators in the market have a lot to question in the company together with the price-water-house coopers that made the audit. Case3: Travelling the world Sawada ventures in business and created cheap and affordable air travel for customers to travel the world. From a small start the entrepreneur out of the share invested in Volkswagen became the source of capital. In the industry, Sawada desired to expand and spread to the global market. It became a challenge as there was increased competition as well as regulations from airline authorities from parent nations especially China. In creating 'worldwide procedure', it is Sawada recognized three types of universal extension that emerge from an organization's assets, abilities and current global position. However, since the organization is still fundamentally centered on its home markets, then its procedures outside its home markets can be seen as global Case 4: Managing in Asia-Pacific Management of corporation from different location is difficult and challenging. However with use of emergent technologies, one can manage and reinforce face to face encounters with the employees. Additionally, cultures differences play a role. As a manager one is required to learn and adopt another regions culture so as to ensure good management. Maturity of markets as well bring out the differences in management challenges. The challenges that get encountered are adding value, creation of a global new market, and resource allocation. However the logistics of operating in Asia is more than those of operating in Australia owing to the differences in the market maturity and different product mix. Case 5: Modernizing require difficult decisions The modernization calls for difficult decisions. The larger issue is the way to manage the business for future eras. Meeting that test will require troublesome choices that will influence recipients, suppliers, and citizens. Nonetheless, the financing issue ought not cloud other essential difficulties. ERP present expense imparting courses of action don't energize the effective utilization of administrations without disheartening fundamental consideration. Besides, the absence of disastrous scope can abandon a few recipients at risk for considerable. Changes in ERP project administration could enhance both the conveyance of services to recipients and the program's capacity to pay suppliers suitably. Some perspective rebuilding of the relationship between parts A and B as an essential component of general organization change. In a general sense, surveying the new project overall is an imperative initial phase in tending to ERP 's difficulties. Answers for large portions of these diffi culties could be made without rebuilding. Be that as it may, rebuilding may give chances to execute coveted changes. Part B The Principles of Management Administration standards are rules for the choices and activities of supervisors. They were inferred from perception and investigation of occasions confronted in real practice. The principles are the crucial, basic components that structure the establishments of fruitful administration. As per Henry (2012) there are fourteen 'standards of administration'. These can be utilized to start and support the courses of action of progress, association, choice making, aptitude administration and the general perspective of the administration capacity (Henry, 2012). The management principles are enumerated below. Division of Work: The specialization of the workforce as per the aptitudes of an individual, making particular individual and expert advancement inside the work power and in this way expanding profit; prompts specialization which builds the productivity of work. By dividing a little piece of work, the specialists speed in its execution increments. This guideline is relevant to both specialized and, in addition, managerial work can be put forth valuable in the defense of task works as well. Power and Responsibility: The issue of charges took after by obligation regarding their results. Power implies the privilege of a better than give improve request to his subordinates; obligation implies commitment for execution. This standard recommends that there must be equality in the middle of power and obligation. They are coexisting and go together, and are two sides of the same coin. Also, the power must be equivalent to the obligation. Discipline: Control eludes to compliance, fitting lead in connection with others, admiration of power, and so on. It is key to the smooth working of all associations. This will likewise help shape the way of life inside the association. Solidarity of Command: This rule expresses that each subordinate ought to get requests and be responsible to unparalleled one predominant. In the event, that a worker gets requests from more than one prevalent, it is liable to make perplexity and conflict. Unity of Command additionally makes it less demanding to alter the obligation regarding mistakes and the power ought to be equivalent to the obligation Solidarity of Direction: Every one of those working in the same line of action must comprehend and seek after the same destinations. All related exercises ought to be put under one gathering, there ought to be one arrangement of activity for them, and they ought to be under the control of one administrator. It looks to guarantee the solidarity of activity, centering of endeavors and coordination of quality. The administration must set aside individual contemplations and put organization goals first. In this way, the diversions of objectives of the association must beat the individual hobbies of people. Compensation: Laborers must be paid sufficiently as this is a boss inspiration of workers and accordingly enormously impacts profit. The quantum and routines for compensation payable ought to be reasonable, sensible and compensating of exertion. Compensation is paid to the specialist according to their ability and benefit. The fundamental target of an association is to augment the riches and the net benefit too. For this reason, the association has paid wages, pay, and profit to their staff appropriately and experimentally so that authoritative proficiency can be guaranteed. The Degree of Centralization: The measure of force wielded by the focal administration relies on upon organization size. Centralization infers the convergence of choice is making power at the top administration. Imparting of power to lower levels is called decentralization. The association ought to strive to accomplish a fitting parity. Scalar Chain: It alludes to the chain of bosses running from top administration to the least rank. The standard recommends that there ought to be a reasonable line of power through and through connecting all chiefs at all levels. It is viewed as a hierarchy of leadership. It includes an idea called a "pack board" utilizing which a subordinate may contact a predominant or his unrivaled occurrence, defying the progressive system of control however the prompt bosses must be educated about the matter Value: Workers must be dealt with merciful, and equity must be ordered to guarantee a simply working environment. Administrators ought to be reasonable and fair when managing workers, giving equivalent consideration towards all representatives. Activity: Utilizing the activity of representatives can add quality and new thoughts to an association. Activity from workers is a wellspring of quality for association as it gives new and better thoughts. Representatives are liable to take more noteworthy enthusiasm for the working of the association. Managers Challenges of a business in the twenty first century Absurd client desires: Probably, your organization gives a superior level of client administration than it did five years prior possibly better than it did simply a year back. Do your clients thank you for it? Not under any condition. They judge you not by the extent to which you've enhanced, however against their desires. Because of your rivals and on account of the web, these desires are continually expanding frequently to outlandish levels. Social networking and the web: Is it true that you are a bit incredulous about this online networking stuff particularly Twitter? Correct, that used to be me. This is the thing that altered my opinion: who impacts you more, formal organization publicizing or what your companions and other individuals like you say in regards to an item or administration? That is the reason online networking is huge and will just get greater. Business pioneers who don't get it will battle. Adaptable working: As thrifty times proceed with why would any association need to pay for business locales and work areas that are unused a fraction of the time? In the event that your organization hasn't yet moved towards adaptable working it soon will. Adaptable hours, adaptable working environment (counting homeworking) and adaptable contracts Maintainability: The hard actualities of climbing vitality costs and environmental change from one viewpoint, and the convictions and estimations of Gen Y on the other are driving each association to the windup more maintainable. Getting to be feasible while keeping on making benefits is a real test for each association and each pioneer. Accomplishing more with less: Whether you live in quickly developing China or retreat hit Europe the times of hierarchical iniquity are over. Each business is figuring out how to do a considerable measure more with a ton less, and the best pioneers will be the individuals who can triumph with cheats The Challenge of Information Society: One can no more deny that mechanical advances have driven the entire world into a subjectively new time. Data society is simply dawning despite everything we can scarcely intuit the way it will exhaustively change the worldwide scene of business. Yet the actualities are clear and evident. Whatever we can consider in our personalities we can enter into the machine. Whatever we can enter into the machine, we can transmit through the web. Hence all mental work could be possible through the web. All occupations that oblige mental work have risen above the conventional office set up. They can be absolutely found on the internet. This has huge ramification s for creation and job plans around the world. In what capacity will enterprises cut expenses and amplify benefits by considering in these open doors? The Challenge of the Global Financial Crisis: The latest worldwide budgetary emergency has smashed a considerable measure of myths about the frameworks we have idealized for quite a while. The recurrence, the expanding power and the apparently cyclic nature of the emergency, have disintegrated the certainty as well as has set discriminating issues to the fore. Our routines in money related theory and the subsidiaries market should now experience a genuine audit from a multi viewpoint, interdisciplinary, and worldwide scale. The world can no more bear the cost of an alternate emergency of such expansiveness and extent. Yet as the Chinese saying goes, for each emergency, there is an open door. In the event that we will be sharp enough, we can see a splendid side to these. One must be interested in a considerable measure of thoughts. For one, the web is giving a way out of the emergency in the territory of outsourcing. An alternate is that it is making ready for a worldwide coordinatio n and instrument to envision issues in the business. Shockingly, organizations, banks, commercial ventures, and governments need to facilitate and interlink on a deeper level to deflect an alternate money related emergency. The Challenge of the Environment: There is presently a worldwide experimental agreement that the issue of an Earth-wide temperature boost is genuine. The sooner organizations can acknowledge this, the better. This is critical to have the capacity to roll out convenient and discriminating improvements. For all the pride and grandness of our present day mechanical society, we are still no match when the essential strengths of nature start to shake us. Mankind is undermined by a natural time bomb. Organizations need to act quickly to rally for the survival of our species. Managers Resources in the Solutions to Challenges There is need of reevaluating the philosophical establishments of administration towards a higher and nobler reason. Guarantee that the work of administration fills a higher need" is the first in the rundown of administration difficulties. Sale et al., (2014) rightly brings up that the conventional objective of expanding shareholder riches is "insufficient in numerous regards on the grounds that it "fails to offer the ability to completely assemble human energies. And in this manner, tomorrow's administration hones must spotlight on the accomplishment of socially noteworthy and honorable objective. However in the corporate world it is insufficient to have honorable and exciting objectives. The organization ought to additionally be inventive and versatile. This obliges expanding the mental skylines of administration with bits of knowledge from "fields as differing from human studies, political science, urban arranging and philosophy." There must additionally be a radical change in the dialect and practice of administration from unremarkable and uninspiring phrasing or goals like "effectiveness", or "playing point", to "deeper, soul mixing standards, for example, honor, truth, affection, equity and excellence" which have "since a long time ago motivated individuals to remarkable accomplishments and can never again be consigned to the edge of administration (Sale et al., 2014). Moreover, there is the necessity of updating the association into a more open and vote based and comprehensive group. There must be a more prominent offering and dissemination of force, information, data into all the parts of the association at each level of the professional pecking order, which implies more prominent strengthening of the individuals in the lower levels of chain of command, particularly with the cutting edge workers who are in immediate contact with the client. Technique making ought to move far from a top-down methodology done and forced on all by a world class few at the upper levels of the association towards a base up procedure which empowers each representative to take an interest in developing the system. Essentially choice making, critical thinking and development frameworks of the association must have the capacity to bridle the "aggregate shrewdness of the whole association."(Jeston, Nelis, 2014). Additionally, reexamining initiative and control towards a fair directing toward oneself force structure. Pioneers without bounds must have the capacity to make the environment which prompts organization toward oneself and control oneself among the workers as opposed to a forced control from about through consistence to leads, or dread of discipline. The pioneer must have the capacity to make a high-trust society which unleashes the imagination of individuals. He or she must depend less on power or position and all the more on imparted vision, values and reason. With respect to, Giacalone, Rosenfeld, (2013) states: "The conventional hierarchical pyramid must be supplanted by a regular progressive system where status and impact relate to commitment as opposed to the position." (Giacalone, Rosenfeld, 2013). Reexamining administration instruction and preparing towards an all the more right-cerebrum consideration. The customary administration of training and preparing depend intensely on left-cerebrum considering, deductive thinking and scientific considering. The directors without bounds oblige an alternate set of abilities focused around the working of the right-mind like comprehensive (Aziz, Ahmad, 2013). Conclusion The ramifications of the future developmental basic for business and administration are the space of vision, mission and qualities associations need to find a higher reason which can move and trigger this higher development inside the association. There must be a more noteworthy consideration regarding the advancement of the ethical, stylish, natural and profound staffs and possibilities of workers which will prompt their higher development. References Aziz, T., Ahmad, A. (2013). An evaluation of business improvement through quality management principles in SMEs. International Journal of Quality and Innovation, 2(2), 193-216. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014). Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Cengage Learning. Drucker, P. (2013). People and performance. Routledge. Giacalone, R. A., Rosenfeld, P. (Eds.). (2013). Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press. Henry, O. (2012). Henry Fayol (1841-1925): State Reform as Entrepreneurship. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014). Business process management. Routledge. Sale, P. F., Agardy, T., Ainsworth, C. H., Feist, B. E., Bell, J. D., Christie, P., ... Sheppard, C.

Two Nation Theory free essay sample

We can define nation as a people who have some common attributes of race, language, religion or culture and united and organized by the state and by common sentiments and aspiration. A nation becomes so only when it has a spirit or feeling of nationality. A nation is a culturally homogeneous social group, and a politically free unit of the people, fully conscious of its psychic life and expression in a tenacious way. Nationality Mazzini said: â€Å"Every people has its special mission and that mission constitutes its nationality†. Nation and Nationality differ in their meaning although they were used interchangeably. A nation is a people having a sense of oneness among them and who are politically independent. In the case of nationality it implies a psychological feeling of unity among a people, but also sense of oneness among them. The sense of unity might be an account, of the people having common history and culture. But nationality largely requires the element of political independence either achieved or aspired. Secondly, a nation must have a political organization of passionate desire for such an organization. But a nationality is a political, cultural, spiritual and unified community of a people. A. E. Zimmern said: â€Å"Nationality, like religion, is subjective, psychological, a condition of mind, a spiritual possession, a way of feeling, thinking and living†. Two Nation Theory The two-nation theory in its simplest way means that cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Sub-continent. These differences of outlook, in fact, were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of the sub-continent into two independent states. The two-nation theory means that the Hindus and the Muslims are two different nations. On the basis of two-nation theory the Quaid-i-Azam demanded the partition of India into two states, a Muslim state to be called Pakistan and the other Hindu India that is Bharat. Evolution of Two Nation Theory Concept of Muslims as a Nation developed before the establishment of Pakistan. Pakistan was the product of this concept of nationhood rather than Pakistan creating a concept of nationhood. Retrospectively the Muslim nationalism emerged with the advent of Islam that introduced new principles pertinent to every sphere of life. It pledged the redemption of the humankind establishing a benign society based on Qur’anic teachings. The beginning of the Muslim nationalism in the Sub-Continent may be attributed to the first Indian who accepted Islam. The Arab traders had introduced the new religion, Islam, in the Indian coastal areas. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first Muslim invader who conquered some part of India and after that, Mahmud of Ghazna launched 17 attacks and opened the gate to preach Islam. The Muslim sufi (saints) like Ali Hejveri, Miran Hussain Zanjani etc. entered Sub-Continent. They, rejecting the vices in the Indian society, presented the pure practical picture of the teachings of Islam and got huge conversions. Qutub-ud-Din Aibuk permanently established Muslim dynasty in India that followed Sultanate and Mughal dynasties. Thus a strong Muslim community had emerged in India who had its own way of life, traditions, heroes, history and culture. Islam could not be absorbed in Hinduism. Deen-e-Ilahi, Bakhti movements, etc. created reaction amongst the Muslim ulama to preserve the pure Islamic character and save it from external onslaught. Role of Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi and others is noteworthy. Equality and social justice inspired conversions to Islam. The British won over the Muslim rulers due to the industrial and scientific developments and modern war strategy. The War of Independence (1857) was a shattering setback to the Indian Muslims who were held responsible for the rebellion by the British. The Muslims were put into the backwardness with the help of Hindus. This was one of the outstanding motivations that paved the way to declare the separate identity of nationalism, the Muslim nationalism. The Muslim scholars sought to reform the teaching of Islamic law and to promote its application in a Muslim society. The prominent name among them is Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) who awakened and guided his community well in time. His educational drive, the Ali-Garh movement, proved to be the best means of social mobility for the Muslim gentry under colonial rule. In 1885 the Indian National Congress was founded to indicate the beginning of the Indian nationalist movement under the British. The Congress worked and helped the British rule. Sir Syed advised the Muslims not to join it because, he thought, the Muslims were not in position to involve into the anti-government activities. It has been argued that Sir Syeds fear of Hindu domination sowed the seeds for the Two Nations Theory later espoused by the All-India Muslim League, founded in 1906 and led to its demand for a separate state for the Muslims of India. Sir Syed argued that modern education and non-political activities might be the key to Muslim advancement. The Ali-Garh movement produced educated leadership who could protect the Muslims’ rights on the Western political lines. All India Muslim League had been founded in Dhaka to promote loyalty to the British and to protect and advance the political rights and interests of the Muslims of India. Thus the concept of ‘separate electorates’ was put forward to dawn a new day for the Indian Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two-Nation Theory In beginning Sir Syed believed in Indian Nationalism but later due to Hindi-Urdu controversy, Sir Syed’s faith in a united India was shaken and he began to advocate the two nation theory. He made the Muslims realize that they are separate nation. Their religion is very powerful. Muslims should demand for separate homeland of their own. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Muslim leader who used the word â€Å"NATION† for the Muslims of Sub-continent. According to Sir Syed in India there exist two nations, the Hindus and Muslims. They could not live together and that as the time would pass the hostility between the two-nation would grow. Sir Syed was of the view that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations because their religion, history, culture and civilization were different from each other. Sir Syed’s political views could be summed up as: 1. That India was a continent, not a country. 2. That it was inhabited by a vast population of different races and different creeds. 3. That among these, Hindus and Muslims, were the major nations on the basis of nationality, religion, customs, cultures, cultural and historical traditions. 4. After the British quit, they could not share the political power equally. That was simply impossible and inconceivable. 5. The Indian National Congress was not acceptable to the Muslims. 6. Muslims could not accept a democratic set up of western type because with a one to four ratio of population, they could be enslaved by the Hindus. 7. There would be a disastrous civil war if the Congress persisted in its policy of yoking together the two nations. The above discuss leads us to conclude that Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the staunch believer and eminent preacher to Two-Nation Theory; on account of which, he may be called the real founder to two-Nation Theory in sub-continent. Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory Allama Iqbal was a great poet, philosopher and a politician. Iqbal had a sensitive heart and a deep-thinking inquisitive mind. He was dismayed at the pathetic conditions of the Muslims in general and of the Indian Muslims in particular. Allama Iqbal delivered historical address at Allahabad. â€Å"The units of Indian society are not territorial as in the European countries. India is a continent of human groups belonging to different races speaking different languages and professing different religions. Their behaviour is not at all determined by a common race-consciousness. † Under such circumstances, Allama Iqbal proposed a separate state of the Muslims. In his presidential address to the Allahabad session of the Muslim League in 1930, he said: â€Å"Personally I would go further†¦. I would like to see the Punjab, North WestFrontierProvince, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a single consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North WestIndia. † Allama Iqbal claimed that the Muslims were a separate nation in every respect. His own words in this regard were as follows: We have a population of seven crore among all nations of the sub-continent, we are the most united. In fact, of all the nations inhabiting the country, Muslims are the only true nation according to the most modern definition of the world. † In short the prophecy of Iqbal acted as a spur for the Muslims of India who craved out an independent state Pakistan for themselves, Seventee n years later (Allahabad Address 1930) on 14th August 1947. Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Two-Nation Theory Quaid-e-Azam’s struggle also based on two-nation theory: Quaid-e-Azam said: Difference in India between the two major nations, the Hindus and the Muslims are thousand times greater when compared with the continent of Europe. † Quaid-e-Azam further said: â€Å"India is not a national state. India is not a country but a Sub-continent composed of nationalities, the two major nations being Hindus and the Muslims whose culture and civilizations, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, laws and jurisprudence, social moral codes, customs and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, outlook on life and of life are fundamentally different. By all canons of international law we are nation. † In 1940, Muslim League embraced the creed of Chaudhry Rehmat Ali and the historic session on March 23, 1940 in Lahore demanded the establishment of Pakistan. On that occasion, Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential address said: â€Å"Islam and Hinduism are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders†¦ The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. † He refuted the claim of All Indian Nation Congress that India had only one single nation, in the name of Indian by the following statement. The history of the last twelve hundred years has failed to achieve the unity and has witnessed, India always divided into Hindu India and Muslim India. Quaid-e-Azam made the English ruler realize the fundamental deep rooted spiritual economic, social and political differences. He said that their efforts would frustrate which they were making to bind all Indians through central Government. Importance of Two Nation Theory The Two-Nation Theory served as the basis of demand for Pakistan by the Muslims in British India. There are two major nations in British India. The Muslims are not a community but a nation with a distinctive history, heritage, culture, civilization, and future aspirations. The Muslims wanted to preserve and protect their distinct identity and advance their interests in India. They wanted to order their lives in accordance with their ideals and philosophy of life without being overwhelmed by an unsympathetic majority. Initially, they demanded safeguards, constitutional guarantees and a federal system of government with powers to the provinces for protection and advancement of their heritage, identity and interests. Later, they demanded a separate state when neither the British nor the Hindu majority community was willing to offer those guarantees and safeguards.